SQL AND, OR and NOT Operators

SQL AND, OR and NOT Operators : SQL AND, OR and NOT Operators are used to filter records. The AND and OR operators are used to filter records based on more than one condition.

The WHERE clause can be combined with AND, OR, and NOT operators.

The AND and OR operators are used to filter records based on more than one condition:

• The AND operator displays a record if all the conditions separated by AND is TRUE.
• The OR operator displays a record if any of the conditions separated by OR is TRUE.

The NOT operator displays a record if the condition(s) is NOT TRUE.

AND Syntax

SELECT column1, column2, …
FROM table_name
WHERE condition1 AND condition2 AND condition3 …;

OR Syntax

SELECT column1, column2, …
FROM table_name
WHERE condition1 OR condition2 OR condition3 …;

NOT Syntax

SELECT column1, column2, …
FROM table_name
WHERE NOT condition;

 

Demo Database

Below is a selection from the “Customers” table in the Northwind sample database:

CustomerID	CustomerName	ContactName	Address	City	PostalCode	Country
1	Alfreds Futterkiste	Maria Anders	Obere Str. 57	Berlin	12209	Germany
2	Ana Trujillo Emparedados y helados	Ana Trujillo	Avda. de la Constitución 2222	México D.F.	05021	Mexico
3	Antonio Moreno Taquería	Antonio Moreno	Mataderos 2312	México D.F.	05023	Mexico
4	Around the Horn	Thomas Hardy	120 Hanover Sq.	London	WA1 1DP	UK
5	Berglunds snabbköp	Christina Berglund	Berguvsvägen 8	Luleå	S-958 22	Sweden

 

AND Example

The following SQL statement selects all fields from “Customers” where country is “Germany” AND city is “Berlin”:

Example

SELECT * FROM Customers
WHERE Country=’Germany’ AND City=’Berlin’;

 

Output

Number of Records: 1

CustomerID	CustomerName	ContactName	Address	City	PostalCode	Country
1	Alfreds Futterkiste	Maria Anders	Obere Str. 57	Berlin	12209	Germany

 

 

OR Example

The following SQL statement selects all fields from “Customers” where city is “Berlin” OR “München”:

Example

SELECT * FROM Customers
WHERE City=’Berlin’ OR City=’München’;

Output

Number of Records: 2

CustomerID	CustomerName	ContactName	Address	City	PostalCode	Country
1	Alfreds Futterkiste	Maria Anders	Obere Str. 57	Berlin	12209	Germany
25	Frankenversand	Peter Franken	Berliner Platz 43	München	80805	Germany

 

 

NOT Example

The following SQL statement selects all fields from “Customers” where country is NOT “Germany”:

Example

SELECT * FROM Customers
WHERE NOT Country=’Germany’;

Output

Number of Records: 7

CustomerID	CustomerName	ContactName	Address	City	PostalCode	Country
2	Ana Trujillo Emparedados y helados	Ana Trujillo	Avda. de la Constitución 2222	México D.F.	05021	Mexico
3	Antonio Moreno Taquería	Antonio Moreno	Mataderos 2312	México D.F.	05023	Mexico
4	Around the Horn	Thomas Hardy	120 Hanover Sq.	London	WA1 1DP	UK
5	Berglunds snabbköp	Christina Berglund	Berguvsvägen 8	Luleå	S-958 22	Sweden
7	Blondel père et fils	Frédérique Citeaux	24, place Kléber	Strasbourg	67000	France
8	Bólido Comidas preparadas	Martín Sommer	C/ Araquil, 67	Madrid	28023	Spain
9	Bon app’	Laurence bihans	12, rue des Bouchers	Marseille	13008	France

 

 

Combining AND, OR and NOT

You can also combine the AND, OR and NOT operators.

The following SQL statement selects all fields from “Customers” where country is “Germany” AND city must be “Berlin” OR “München” (use parenthesis to form complex expressions):

Example

SELECT * FROM Customers
WHERE Country=’Germany’ AND (City=’Berlin’ OR City=’München’);

 

Output

Number of Records: 2

CustomerID	CustomerName	ContactName	Address	City	PostalCode	Country
1	Alfreds Futterkiste	Maria Anders	Obere Str. 57	Berlin	12209	Germany
25	Frankenversand	Peter Franken	Berliner Platz 43	München	80805	Germany

 

The following SQL statement selects all fields from “Customers” where country is NOT “Germany” and NOT “USA”:

Example

SELECT * FROM Customers
WHERE NOT Country=’Germany’ AND NOT Country=’USA’;

 

Output

Number of Records: 5

CustomerID	CustomerName	ContactName	Address	City	PostalCode	Country
2	Ana Trujillo Emparedados y helados	Ana Trujillo	Avda. de la Constitución 2222	México D.F.	05021	Mexico
3	Antonio Moreno Taquería	Antonio Moreno	Mataderos 2312	México D.F.	05023	Mexico
4	Around the Horn	Thomas Hardy	120 Hanover Sq.	London	WA1 1DP	UK
5	Berglunds snabbköp	Christina Berglund	Berguvsvägen 8	Luleå	S-958 22	Sweden
7	Blondel père et fils	Frédérique Citeaux	24, place Kléber	Strasbourg	67000	France